ICC(A) adalah wording marine cargo paling luas — “all risks” basis. Diterbitkan oleh Institute of London Underwriters (ILU) dan digunakan secara global termasuk Indonesia.
Tiga level ICC:
- ICC(A): All risks — cover terluas (paling mahal)
- ICC(B): Named perils menengah — kebakaran, ledakan, gempa, banjir, dll.
- ICC(C): Named perils minimal — hanya kebakaran, ledakan, stranding, sinking, collision
ICC(A) cocok untuk: Barang bernilai tinggi, mudah rusak, atau perjalanan berisiko tinggi.
Struktur ICC(A) 2009:
- Clause 1: Risks Covered — All risks of loss/damage
- Clause 2: General Average — Kontribusi general average dijamin
- Clause 3: Both to Blame Collision
- Clauses 4-7: Exclusions — General, Unseaworthiness, War, Strikes
- Clause 8: Transit Clause — Durasi cover (warehouse to warehouse)
- Clause 9: Termination of Contract of Carriage
- Clause 10: Change of Voyage
- Clauses 11-14: Claims — Insurable interest, forwarding charges, constructive total loss, increased value
- Clauses 15-17: Benefit of Insurance, Minimising Losses, Avoidance of Delay
- Clauses 18-19: Law & Practice
Penjelasan Pasal per Pasal
TEKS ASLI
This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as excluded by the provisions of Clauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 below.
PENJELASAN
"All risks" berarti semua risiko kerusakan/kehilangan kargo selama transit, KECUALI exclusions. Ini termasuk:
- Pencurian, pilferage (pencurian sebagian)
- Kerusakan akibat air laut/hujan
- Handling damage (bongkar muat kasar)
- Breakage, denting, scratching
- Shortage (kekurangan jumlah)
- Non-delivery
"All risks" BUKAN "all loss": Inherent vice (sifat bawaan barang — misalnya buah busuk karena sudah tua), delay, dan ordinary wear tetap excluded.
CONTOH KASUS
Kontainer elektronik dikirim Jakarta → Rotterdam. Selama transit, air laut masuk karena badai → 20% barang rusak. ICC(A) → COVERED. ICC(C) → kemungkinan NOT COVERED jika bukan akibat sinking/stranding.
TEKS ASLI
This insurance attaches from the time the subject-matter insured is first moved in the warehouse at the place named for the commencement of the transit and continues until delivered to the final warehouse at the destination.
PENJELASAN
Coverage berlaku dari gudang asal sampai gudang tujuan ("warehouse to warehouse"). Ini termasuk semua proses di antaranya: loading, trucking ke pelabuhan, waiting di port, loading ke kapal, sea voyage, discharge, trucking ke gudang tujuan.
Batas waktu:
- 60 hari setelah discharge dari kapal di pelabuhan tujuan akhir
- Coverage berakhir yang mana lebih dulu: sampai gudang ATAU 60 hari setelah discharge
KESALAHPAHAMAN UMUM
"Asuransi cargo hanya cover selama di kapal" — Salah. Transit clause ICC(A) cover dari gudang ke gudang, termasuk perjalanan darat di kedua ujung.